ìSugarMaple Seed Production and Dissemination.î2.http://www.miamioh.edu/dragonfly/itb/maple.htmlx. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing style below: Sorry, copying is not allowed on our website. The purpose of this lab is to find out if variations in Acer saccharum (sugar maple) seed structure affect dispersal distance. Our results also indicated that there was a significant paperclip effect (p-value of 0.0001) and staple effect (p-value of 0.0001). Quillpen may not, however, prove to be the most advantageous design in other landscapes or on higher branches of the tree. From this lab, we, as a group, feel that we have gained a great deal of knowledge regarding maple seeds and their dispersal. Introduction: In these later Boomerang tests, performed with the fan simulation of seed dispersal, some interesting new developments emerged. Weather & Earth Science Resources
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Necessities: Macintosh Resources | Search Engines | Library Resources | Server Stats |. The factor variations were run five times in a random flight order. We only included the three-way interaction plot (see Figure 3 in Appendix) since that held preference over the other interaction effects and main effects. Based upon the studies of our predecessors and our expected results, we predicted that there is no one samara structure that is advantageous over the others. If possible, further research could be done to enhance our understanding of the samaras!! Dispersal can take place through a number of ways including by the aid of … Baltimore.î Vol.82 (1995)pp.1412-1419. Through previous research already stated, it was also discovered that the maple population is diminishing. 5. We conclude that these three structural features are the most advantageous in maple seed dispersal. 5. In descending order of importance, the seed would be long in length, with a small inner angle, and light in weight. Response Title:
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Article complete. Did adaptive features evolve? = S?ß = S?? They don’t float away but flutter to the ground. With this conserved energy the tree is able to produce seeds with other traits desirable for that location. Samara is the scientific term for the entire seed structure. In place of the tarp collection of seeds we collected them ourselves from the lower branches of the trees. Perhaps the tree architecture and interior and exterior trees could influence certain seed designs. Once looking at the ANOVA table, we learned that there was a three-way interaction effect, because the p-value was smaller than .05. While researching our topic we found a previous Miami University group study with a completed project similar to our own in addition to the studies found in scientific journals. American Journal of Botany.ìIntraspecific Variation in Samara Morphology and Flight Behavior in Acer Saccharinum. In fact, weeping willow seeds spread by water can last for up to a month, whereas normally their viability begins to drop after 10 days. The paper type did not have much effect on the staples. ìA Day in the Life of a Seed: Movementsand Fates of Seeds and Their Implications for Natural and Managed Systems.î Vol. Quillpen may not, however, prove to be the most advantageous design in other landscapes or on higher branches of the tree. This is something that could be investigated with the use of chemicals and other tests to find out the chemical make-up of the seeds. When we created our helicopters, the wings were half of the piece of paper, and the body was cut halfway down into the paper. Because the trials can result to damage to the helicopters and thus could possibly affect the results, the next group might want to make the same helicopter for the five different trials so that the effect of the damage can be kept minimal. Respond to this Submission! A data sheet with three tables have been supplemented, one for each component of the experiment. If one were to change our experiment, they could include construction paper as well, as a heavier paper option. It would stand to reason from these averages, that the Quillpen is the most ideal design for samara dispersal specific to our tree and seed location, traveling the furthest distance. Plants have limited mobility and rely upon a variety of dispersal vectors to transport their propagules, including both abiotic vectors such as the wind and living vectors like birds.Seeds can be dispersed away from the parent plant individually or collectively, as well as dispersed in both space and time. With this conserved energy the tree is able to produce seeds with other traits desirable for that location. With so many variables that may affect seed dispersal it is impossible to consider all possibilities, therefore we only focus on a few basic design characteristics.Our specific data and results do not in any way prove that the Boomerang and Long Straight design are advantageous in other landscape settings. Turn the fan on to its medium setting (this will represent an average wind current which is a minimum of 1m/s and a maximum of 4m/s for abscission, according to Greene and Johnsonís 1991 study). Samaras typically grow in sets of two wings per seed, with a number of natural growth factors affecting the rate in which they spin, including the weight of the seeds and wings. 4. Our experiment will require approximately a week and a half to carry out and may be repeated to increase research accuracy. Our conclusion contradicts that theory, showing that the Quillpen design is the mostadvantageous of the three designs: Boomerang, Long Straight and Quillpen. We had assumed that the design with a more extreme inside angle would fall into initial autorotation the earliest and travel the greatest distance. These are considered two-way interactions and could be used if there had not been a three-way interaction effect. The wings were not folded. Maples are also known for their interesting seed dispersal methods. This is just one of the ways in which the two could labs could be integrated. The notebook paper was fastest for 1 and 2 paperclips, or a lesser overall weight, but slowest for 3 paperclips. Surprisingly though, we discovered that the Quillpen stayed in the air longer than the other, lighter, seed designs. The second component of the experiment is a simulation of the seed dispersal due to wind. In this experiment, Quillpen had the furthest dispersal distance and therefore is the most advantageous design. The most used dispersal method would pro bally be the wind .Seed dispersal in dandelion takes place by wind. When we removed length from the analysis in Step one, inside angle became the most determining with a partial correlation of (-.324) and these results are significant according to the p-value (.0455). The Long Straight design was slightly longer in length and heavier than Boomerang, therefore having slightly a better advantage in flight. We randomized the order of which the helicopters were flown. This is just one of the ways in which the two could labs could be integrated. We were interested in seeing what happens when you look at them separately. the weight or other characteristics of the seed.Even though we did not enter the later results into StatView, we now speculate that the inferior designs may have some advantageous characteristics that increase the dispersal distance for different landscapes (such as deep forest or urban settings), and/or higher branch location. Peroni, Patricia A. American Journal of Botany. Further research and investigation may produce significant results relating the seed design and the location and angle of the tree branches.Another question raised from the lab is how exactly do trees use their resources, such as carbon, to make seeds. For example, does thesamara blade length decrease over time in order for the seed to enter autorotation sooner to maximize its dispersal distance? Also, we are given the most ideal samara seed design from the Regression Summary statistics. If one feature is lacking, such as short seed length, the tree will equip the seed to be lighter in weight and with a smaller inner angle if it has the reproductive capabilities to do so. Different Methods of Seed Dispersal in Plants. Leah :) Emily :)Wendi :) Katie :)Literature Cited:1.http://willow.ncfes.umn.edu/silvics_manual/volume_2/acer/saccharum.htm. Coconut, palm, mangroves, water lily, water mint, are a few examples of plants whose seed are dispersed by the water. Some plants, like kauri and maple trees, have ‘winged’ seeds.