The Kingdom of Sardinia industrialized from 1830 onward. He died in 1272 without direct recognized heirs after a detention of 23 years in a prison in Bologna. Manconi Francesco, Una piccola provincia di un grande impero, CUEC, Cagliari, 2012. By the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713, Spain's European empire was divided: Savoy received Sicily and parts of the Duchy of Milan, while Charles VI (the Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria), received the Spanish Netherlands, the Kingdom of Naples, Sardinia, and the bulk of the Duchy of Milan. Old Maps Online. On March 17 the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed, with the former Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia as its ruler. However, it wasn't until 1848 that Sardinia pushed forward during the Unification of Italy, and in 1861 the island joined the newly created Kingdom of Italy. During the War of the Quadruple Alliance, Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy and Prince of Piedmont (and now King of Sicily too), had to agree to yield Sicily to the Austrian Habsburgs and receive Sardinia in exchange. Corsica, which had never been conquered, was dropped from the formal title and Sardinia passed with the Crown of Aragon to a united Spain. When the Duchy of Savoy acquired the Kingdom of Sicily in 1713 and the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1723, the flag of Savoy became the flag of a naval power. Due to the Austrian government's refusal to cede any lands to the Kingdom of Sardinia, they agreed to cede Lombardy to Napoleon, who in turn then ceded the territory to the Kingdom of Sardinia to avoid 'embarrassing' the defeated Austrians. 75–76, Wells, H. G., Raymond Postgate, and G. P. Wells. Starting from 705–706, Saracens from north Africa (recently conquered by Arab armies) harassed the population of the coastal cities. The Kingdom was a member of the Council of Aragon and initially consisted of the islands of Corsica and Sardinia, sovereignty over both of which was claimed by the Papacy, which granted them as a fief, the regnum Sardiniae et Corsicae ("kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica"), to King James II of Aragon in 1297. The formal name of this composite state was the "States of His Majesty the King of Sardinia"[10] and is referred to as either Savoy-Sardinia, Piedmont-Sardinia, or even the Kingdom of Piedmont to emphasise that the island of Sardinia had always been of secondary importance to the monarchy. Casula Francesco Cesare, La storia di Sardegna, Carlo Delfino Editore, Sassari, 1994, Coroneo Roberto, Arte in Sardegna dal IV alla metà dell'XI secolo, edizioni AV, Cagliari, 2011. This was done after somewhat controversial referendums showed over 99.5% majorities in both areas in favour of joining France.[27]. This was an inducement to join in the effort to restore Sicily, then under the rule of James's brother Frederick III of Sicily, to the Angevin dynasty over the oppositions of the Sicilians. After that, communications with Constantinople became very difficult, and powerful families of the island assumed control of the land. There were other reasons beside this papal decision: it was the final successful result of the long fight against the Ghibelline (pro-imperial) city of Pisa and the Holy Roman Empire itself. 1000-2010 Mercator. The Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica (later, just the "Kingdom of Sardinia" from 1460[25]) was a state whose king was the King of Aragon, who started to conquer it in 1324, gained full control in 1410, and directly ruled it until 1460. 4–7. During what is known as the Nuragic Era (lasting from the 18th century BC to the 2nd century AD) nearly 8,000 stone structures called nuraghe were constructed, which still stand today and have since become well-known symbols of the island. [28] The institutions and laws of the Kingdom were quickly extended to all of Italy, abolishing the administrations of the other regions. A short period of uprisings occurred under the local noble Leonardo Alagon, marquess of Oristano, who defended his territories against the Viceroy Nicolò Carroz and managed to defeat the viceroy's army in the 1470s, but was later crushed at the Battle of Macomer in 1478, ending any further revolts in the island. Furthermore, Sardinia was then under the control of the very Catholic Kings of Aragon, and the last result of rapprochement of the island to Rome. A peace treaty returned the Aragonese their previous possessions in 1388, but tensions continued and 1382 CE the Arborean army led by Brancaleone Doria again swept the most of the island into Arborean rule. Piedmont was inhabited in early historic times by Celto-Ligurian tribes such as the Taurini and the Salassi. Following the bloody battles of Magenta and Solferino, both French victories, Napoleon thought the war too costly to continue and made a separate peace behind Cavour's back in which only Lombardy would be ceded. Facing Arab attempts to sack and conquer, while having almost no outside help, Sardinia utilized the principle of translatio imperii ("transfer of rule") and continued to organize itself along the ancient Roman and Byzantine model. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2020 worldatlas.com. There is a record of another massive Saracen sea attack in 1015–16 from the Balearics, commanded by Mujāhid al-ʿĀmirī (Latinized as Museto). Historical Map of Europe & the Mediterranean (17 March 1861 - Kingdom of Italy: The conquest of the Two Sicilies left the Kingdom of Sardinia in control of the entire Italian peninsula except for the French-garrisoned Papal States and the Austrian controlled northeast. Blasco Ferrer Eduardo, Crestomazia Sarda dei primi secoli, collana Officina Linguistica, Ilisso, Nuoro, 2003, Boscolo Alberto, La Sardegna bizantina e alto giudicale, Edizioni Della TorreCagliari 1978. 1 : 640000 Robert Laurie & James Whittle. This was confirmed by the Congress of Vienna, which returned the region of Savoy to its borders after it had been annexed by France in 1792. During World War II the fascist repression within the region was brutal, and Sardinia became the target of several bombings which all but nearly destroyed the city of Cagliari. Of these sovereigns, only two names are known: Turcoturiu and Salusiu (Tουρκοτουριου βασιλικου προτοσπαθαριου [18] και Σαλουσιου των ευγενεστατων άρχωντων),[19][20] who probably ruled in the 10th century. This reactionary policy went as far as discouraging the use of roads built by the French. 1 Tutorial 2 Italy Campaign 2.1 Diplomacy 3 Europe Campaign 3.1 Basics at start 3.2 Diplomacy 4 Military 5 Trivia In the tutorial, the Kingdom of Sardinia makes a small appearance as it briefly declares war on France. The idea of the kingdom was created in 1297 by Pope Boniface VIII, as a hypothetical entity created for James II of Aragon under a secret clause in the Treaty of Anagni. Garibaldi was disappointed in this development, as well as in the loss of his home province, Nice, to France. The Kingdom of Sardiniaor Piedmont-Sardinia is a faction in Napoleon: Total War. Coroneo Roberto, Scultura mediobizantina in Sardegna, Nuoro, Poliedro, 2000. Manconi Francesco, La Sardegna al tempo degli Asburgo, Il Maestrale, Nuoro, 2010. Although the "Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica" could be said to have started as a questionable and extraordinary de jure state in 1297, its de facto existence began in 1324 when, called by their allies of the Judicate of Arborea in the course of war with the Republic of Pisa, James II seized the Pisan territories in the former states of Cagliari and Gallura and asserted his papally approved title. The Savoy-led Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia was thus the legal predecessor of the Kingdom of Italy, which in turn is the predecessor of the present-day Italian Republic.[11]. Information about the Sardinian political situation in the following centuries is scarce. During the 3rd century BC, the Allobroges settled down in the region between the Rhône and the Alps. Beginning in 1324, James and his successors conquered the island of Sardinia and established de facto their de jure authority. In 1816, after regaining their mainland domains, the scudo was replaced by the Sardinian lira, which in 1821 also replaced the Sardinian scudo, the coins that had been in use on the island throughout the period. will receive. ... transactions which drew gain and great benefits", Constantini Porphyrogeneti De caerimoniis aulae Byzantinae, in Patrologia cursus completus. Threatened by the Aragonese claims of suzerainty and consolidation of the rest of the island, in 1353 Arborea, under the leadership of Marianus IV, started the conquest of the remaining Sardinian territories, which formed the Kingdom of Sardinia. In 1420, after the Sardinian–Aragonese war, the last competing claim to the island was bought out. They later submitted to the Romans (c. 220 BC), who founded several colonies there including Augusta Taurinorum (Turin) and Eporedia (Ivrea). The defeat of the local kingdoms, communes and signorie, the firm Aragonese (later Spanish) rule, the introduction of a sterile feudalism, as well as the discovery of the Americas, provoked an unstoppable decline of the Kingdom of Sardinia. Sardinia is Italy's second largest island and the second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.

kingdom of sardinia map

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kingdom of sardinia map 2020