Notably, the acceleration in consumption is also associated with the rise of image as a commodity produced by the capitalist, especially (but not exclusively) in the role that advertising plays in production and consumption. (111-2; emphasis in original), It is equally wrong to write off the material achievements of modernist practices so easily. The classical Marxian responses to capitalistic crises (devaluation of commodities, productive capacity, or labor value; macro-economic control; absorption of overaccumulation through infrastructural re-investment -- temporal or spatial displacement) are examined, along with their negative consequences -- inevitably, to precipitate a new crisis of overaccumulation. Is this the foundation for collective memory, for all those manifestations of place-bound nostalgias that infect our images of the country and the city, of region, milieu, and locality, of neighbourhood and community? This is a summary of chapter five. Is it better to hold stocks and share certificates, notes, gold, or cans of tuna, in the midst of a depression? Harvey also acknowledges a middle-of-the-road postmodernism which spurns grand narrative but which does cultivate the possibility of limited action. The magical powers of money are compounded by the way owners ‘lend their tongues’ to commodities by hanging a price ticket on them, appealing to ‘cabalistic signs’ with names like pounds, dollars, francs. (166-7), If the language of the regulation school has survived better than most, it is, I suspect, because of its rather more pragmatic orientation. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. 12 (Introduction, pp. Harvey argues that, despite their democratizing appearance, the logic of capital still controls what can and cannot be done with these image stores. (223), [Gurvitch's schematic of the ways in which people experience time] inverts the proposition that there is a time for everything and proposes that we think, instead, of every social relation containing its own sense of time. Harvey lists several basic and fundamental shifts that were necessary in Marxist thought, including a recognition of otherness as a fundamental category (and not something to be grafted onto class as a subsidiary consideration), a broader recognition of the cultural significance of images and discourses, and the reformulation of Marxism as historical-geographical materialism, which is to be understood as open-ended and dialectical rather than a canonical set of fixed theory. Harvey traces the expansion of Fordist production processes from 1913 to 1973, noting that a variety of accommodations had to be made in the regime of accumulation for Fordism to spread outside of the United States as a common regime of accumulation. Harvey traces the impetus for this change to accelerating tensions under the Fordist regime of accumulation, citing increased international competition for the major Fordist countries; rigidified relations between capital, government, and organized labor; decreasing production and profits, increasing inflation; and heightened social tension between those inside and outside privileged production jobs. 21 (Postmodernism as the mirror of mirrors, pp. Chapter 10 (Theorizing the transition, pp. A level sociology revision – education, families, research methods, crime and deviance and more! (305-6). 21. Lamenting the 'loss of meaning' in postmodernity boils down to mourning the … As postmodern capitalism is increasingly a regime of accumulation that produces images and symbols, and thereby produces space and time, this is a particularly canny move for capital to make. (201), I think it important to challenge the idea of a single and objective sense of time or space, against which we can measure the diversity of human conceptions and perceptions. Harvey here also locates Marx within the tradition of modernity and the Enlightenment project (e.g., p. 111). (242-7) These changes in the production of time and space opened up theoretical possibilities for the domination of space (via rationally planned social theories) and time (via an increased temporal sense regarding the possibilities of the future), especially for the nascent bourgeoisie. Intelligence (knowledge, science, technique) is objectified in the machine, thus separating manual from mental labour and diminishing the application of intelligence on the part of the workers. (278), The heroic modernists sought to show how the accelerations, fragmentations, and imploding centralization (particularly in urban life) could be represented and thereby contained within a singlular image. They in effect appropriated and pushed Renaissance conceptions of space and time to their limit in the search to construct a new, more democratic, healthier, and more affluent society. (357), To the degree that it does try to legitimate itself by reference to the past, therefore, postmodernism typically harks back to that wing of thought, Nietzsche in particular, that emphasizes the deep chaos of modern life and its intractability before rational thought. (223-5), Money measures value, but if we ask what constitutes value in the first instance, we find it impossible to define value without saying something about how the time of social labour is allocated. A highly organized technical and social division of labour is one of the founding principles of capitalist modernization. On the other side of the coin, how can spatializations in general, and aesthetic practices in particular, represent flux and change, particularly if these latter are held essential truths to be conveyed? Credit is, according to Marx, always to be accounted for as ‘fictitious capital,’ as some kind of money bet on production that does not yet exist. (358), last change: minor coding changes while giving the whole site a facelift. (336), The street scenes of impoverishment, disempowerment, graffiti and decay become grist for the cultural producers' mill, not, as Deutsche and Ryan (1984) point out, in the muckraking reformist style of the late nineteenth century, but as a quaint and swirly backdrop (as in Blade Runner) upon which no social commentary is to be made. In the absence of social labour, all money would be worthless. (218), The grid of spatial practices can tell us nothing important by itself. The very possibility of a genuine rainbow coalition defines a unified politics which inevitably speaks the tacit language of class, because this is precisely what defines the common experience within the differences. This condition Marx calls ‘the fetishism of commodities.’ It is one of Marx’s most compelling insights, for it poses the problem of how to interpret the real but nevertheless superficial relationships that we can readily observe in the market place in appropriate social terms. As exchange relations proliferate, so money appears more and more as ‘a power external to and independent of the producers,’ so what ‘originally appears as a means to promote production becomes a relation alien’ to them. The most important results of these multiple shifts in the mode of production are (1) increased access on up-to-the-minute information for making business decisions (159); and (2) the complete reorganization of the global system of finances, especially insofar as it is increasingly integrated (160-1). Of course, this is an aspect of ideology, and masks the real social and psychological factors producing specific concepts of space and time. Simmel's extraordinary treatise on The philosophy of money). Superior command over space becomes an even more important weapon in class struggle. (247), Enlightenment thinkers similarly looked to command over the future through powers of scientific prediction, through social engineering and rational planning, and the institutionalization of rational systems of social regulation and control. Ch. yet the very confinement of the film to a depthless screen and a theatre is a reminder that it, too, is space-bound in some curious ways. (153), What is most interesting about the current situation is the way in which capitalism is becoming ever more tightly organized through dispersal, geographical mobility, and flexible responses in labour markets, labour processes, and consumer markets, all accompanied by hefty doses of institutional, product, and technological innovation.

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